The history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement[20][21] that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia.[20] Hungarians arrived in the territory[22] in the 9th century. Their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42.[23] The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture[24] by the 15th century.[25] Following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule,[26] the region entered a new age of prosperity in the 18th and 19th centuries, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873.[27] It also became the second capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. Budapest was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945, and the Revolution of 1956.